The cotton is then air conveyed to gin stands where revolving circular saws pull the lint through closely spaced ribs that prevent the seed from passing. Spinning is the first steps of textile product processing. Analysis on the spinning process and properties of tencel yarn. Yarn is a long continuous length of interlocked fibres, suitable for use in the production of textiles, sewing, crocheting, knitting, weaving, embroidery, or ropemaking. Pdf impact of micronaire reading on nep formation during. Figure 3 shows the flow of cotton staple fiber from the bale laydown through ring spinning. In america, this process was a tedious, laborintensive activity done by hand until the 19th century. This investigation was carried out at alamria spinning and weaving company to study the impact of micronaire reading on neps formation during cotton yarn processing. Yarn processing free download as powerpoint presentation. From raw cotton to yarn processing, lot of machineries are involved. Textile spinning process of cotton yarn textile learner. Once the seeds have been removed, the cotton fibres are wrapped tightly in bales weighing about 250 kg, ready to be transported to the spinning mill for further processing.
Cotton yarn manufacturing process textile study point. Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective case, around the seeds of the cotton plants of the genus gossypium in the mallow family malvaceae. The initial stage of the spinning process involves converting cotton in bales into the cone winding. Accurate prediction of cotton ringspun yarn quality from. Yarn processing methods for spun yarns are very different from. Cotton is wet out and packed into large cakes with a hole in the middle for a perfect visual, imagine a bundt cake.
How yarn is made material, manufacture, making, history. Selected host mills in thailand, vietnam and indonesia invited visiting mills in for facility visits from the warehouse to the spinning rooms and classroomlike sessions. Yarn is used to make textiles using a variety of processes, including weaving, knitting, and felting. Spandex yarn deniers between 40 and 70 are the most commonly used in circular knits. Blow room is the starting of the spinning operation where the fiber is opened, cleaned, mixed, micro dust removed and evened thus passed to carding machine without increasing fiber rupture, fiber neps, broken seed particles and without removing more good fibers. Most often these mills process a range of different types of fibres including cotton and manmade fibres including. From bale to finished yarn, this facility houses a complete range of yarn manufacturing equipment including opening, blending, cleaning, carding, drawing, and combing machinery. Cotton fibre processing cotton fibres may be classified roughly into three large groups, based on staple length average length of the fibres making up a sample or bale of cotton and appearance.
Drawing 2 with auto leveler first thing in spinning process is converting highly. List of machineries used for cotton yarn preparation. This is the most important operation to attain maximum weaving efficiency especially for blended and filament yarns. Analysis of properties of tencel yarn and cotton yarn 2. On the other hand, the higher the number, the finer the yarn. Cotton moisture impacts cotton from field to fabric. Each of the yarn is prepared in various techniques. Yarn is selected for different textiles based on the characteristics of the yarn fibres, such as warmth wool, light weight cotton or rayon, durability nylon is added to sock yarn, for example, or softness cashmere, alpaca.
Cotton fibres have a multilayered structure that has been studied for nearly a century. Spinning is the twisting together of drawn out strands of fibers to form yarn, though it is colloquially used to describe the process of. Below mentioned is how the manmade fibers manufacturing process. For better processing performance of cotton fibers in carding and roving formation through. Soil cotton can be grown in many soils, but deep medium to heavy soils are best, and soil. Rotor spinning rotor spinning, also known as openend spinning, was developed in the 1970s and early 1980s. In here we have discussed the process of cotton yarn manufacturing. Physical properties of cotton color white, creamy white, bluish white, yellowish white or grey. What is sizing purpose of textile sizing properties of. Costs of manufacturing carded cotton yarn and means of. Differences in labor and overhead costs by departments for the mills surveyed indicate possibilities for improvement at each stage of processing.
Final package of yarn is the end and may chance the customer complaint. Spinning is the twisting together of drawn out strands of fibers to form yarn, though it is colloquially used to describe the process of drawing out, inserting the twist, and winding onto bobbins. Serendian special fabric30 silk50 flax thread30 cotton yarn10 black stone powder serendian carpet furniture produced in heidel 53s furniture workshop. Its importance was recognized and widely discussed from the early years of.
Cotton planted acreage increased 25 percent in 2017 as relative prices favored cotton over alternative crops. Yarn made out of staple fiber is known as spun yarn, because the staple fibers should undergo number of process stages so that a yarn can be made out of them. Cotton yarn manufacturing process 1 linkedin slideshare. Yarn processing dye dyeing free 30day trial scribd. Cotton fibers are spanned for preparing rotor, carded and combed yarn. Comparative study for fiber quality parameters in cotton l. Stages of the cotton manufacturing process bizfluent. Cotton usas new mill exchange program is a revolutionary new idea that offers mills an inside look at how their industry peers do business and enhance productivity. Cotton to yarn process yarn manufacturing process how. Cotton from cradletogate up to undyed woven fabric requires various energies depending on fineness of yarn. Blow room, carding and draw frame machine operator textiles.
Mar 20, 2018 blow room is the starting of the spinning operation where the fiber is opened, cleaned, mixed, micro dust removed and evened thus passed to carding machine without increasing fiber rupture, fiber neps, broken seed particles and without removing more good fibers. Out of the total indian export, cotton and other textiles account for almost one third and nearly 60 million people depend directly or indirectly on cotton production, processing, marketing and trade. The first group includes the fine, lustrous fibres with staple length ranging from about 2. For 10s hosiery yarn, for example, total labor and over. The plant is a shrub native to tropical and subtropical regions around the world, including the americas. To study how to improve the productivity of yarn and. In winding department where the final package of yarn is make. Thus if there are 10 hanks of cotton yarn that weigh one pound, this is 10s yarn. The structure of the primary cell wall of the cotton fibre, and particularly the outer surface layer the cuticle, has a major influence on fibre properties, processing and use. Carding machines pull the clumps apart and lay the fibers straight, sidebyside to dry.
The cotton industry has been widely recognized as the leading sector in the industrialization of several of the worlds major economies, and more particularly of great britain, the country that first experienced an industrial revolution. Fabrics made from worsted yarn are smooth, such as gabardines, crepes, tropicals and suitings, and can be worn comfortably in moderately warm weather and climates. The basic functions of blow room are opening, cleaning, dust removal, blending and evenly feeding the material on the card. However, ring spinning is slower than other modern spinning systems and requires more processing steps, including offmachine winding of the yarn into large packages.
Next, during cotton processing, a solution containing sodium hydroxide is pumped into the kier for scouring of cotton. The process of making yarns from the textile fiber is called spinning. The fiber blend of rfyarns is 80% or more cotton which is. They form soft, untwisted ropes called slivers, which will be spun on spinning machines to make. If it is desired, the fiber may also be combed which would be in addition to the. Enduse properties of the yarn are also a function of processing conditions. Yarn is a generic term for a continuous strand of textile fibers, filaments, or material in a form suitable for knitting, weaving, or. The proper control, and measurement to allow for control, of cotton moisture is essential to maintaining and preserving fiber quality. Generally cotton fibers are supplied to the spinning mill as the bale form. If it is desired, the fiber may also be combed which would be in addition to the carding. Cottonspandex knit fabrics may contain spandex in every course or in alternating courses. For these, the fibers go through an added step of careful reopening and further processing.
Impact of micronaire reading on nep formation during. The cotton cakes are then lowered down into the kier and it is closed. A number of processes are required to obtain the clean, strong, uniform yarns required in modern textile markets. Cotton fiber quality is defined by the physical properties that relate to its spin ability into yarn and contribute to textile. The spandex may appear as plaited raw spandex, corespun within a cotton sheath, or covered by cotton fibers. From raw cotton to cotton fabrics toyota industries. Cn1048964a color cotton zerotwist yarn towel and method.
So, if its a coarser yarn it will take fewer hanks, and less length to make up a pound. May 24, 2017 cotton to yarn process yarn manufacturing process or yarn textile is the first steps of textile product processing. From field to fabric, the process of making cotton transforms the raw fibers into threads, yarn and fabric in three steps. Cotton yarn manufacturing process yarn manufacturing is a sequence of processes that convert raw cotton fibres into yarn suitable for use in various endproducts. Raw cotton processing how is cotton processed barnhardt. Ginning from the field, seed cotton moves to nearby gins for separation of lint and seed. The derivation and performance of yarn quality prediction models in a program called cottonspec is reported. At this point in cotton processing, all of the fibers impurities and coloring bodies have been removed, and the cotton fibers are pure cellulose. Thread is a type of yarn intended for sewing by hand or machine. It takes more of the finer yarns to make up one pound.
Cotton to yarn process yarn manufacturing process or yarn textile is the first steps of textile product processing. Textured, crimped, or bulked yarn comprised one half of the total spun. The production of cotton, which may have largely been spun in the villages and then taken to towns in the form of yarn to be woven into cloth textiles, was advanced by the diffusion of the spinning wheel across india shortly before the mughal era, lowering the costs of yarn and helping to increase demand for cotton. Impact of micronaire reading on nep formation during cotton. From raw cotton to cotton fabrics the fabric usually used in the clothes we wear is produced through two processes. While the basic yarn manufacturing process has remained unchanged for a number of years, processing speeds, control technology and package. The processing of a cotton ring spun yarn must go through a carding machine. Yarn properties and processing efficiency are related to the properties of the cotton fibres processed. The distribution of consumption across the globe thus depends on the location of spinning mills, usually in proximity to a textile industry.
Cottonspec incorporates a large database of fiber and yarn data from commercial spinning mills, a series of regressionbased models predicting yarn quality from measured cotton fiber quality parameters and yarn specifications and a user interface. The cotton fibres belong to the botanical genus gossypium. Nov 21, 2018 other products, though, require finer cotton without any clumps. Consumption data in this outlook refer to spinning mill use, i. Other products, though, require finer cotton without any clumps. Plied cotton yarns were manufactured using the cotton carded system on ring spinning frames in five variants of yarn linear density, i. Cotton spandex knit fabrics may contain spandex in every course or in alternating courses.
Under natural conditions, the cotton bolls will increase the dispersal of the seeds. Yarn is composed of twisted strands of fiber, which are known as plies when grouped together. Bharti department of mechanical engineering integral university, lucknow, india yarn. Habasit has developed an extensive array of solutions that allows you to choose exactly the right product for your application. The sequence of machineries used for yarn preparation is differing from one to another. Here we will explain each process in detail using some illustrations. The fiber processing laboratory fpl is a stateoftheart yarn producing pilot facility. Accurate prediction of cotton ringspun yarn quality from highvolume instrument and mill processing data shouren yang and stuart gordon textile research journal 2016 87. Yarn processing yarn manufacturing requires a wide range of power transmission belts, spindle tapes and conveyor belts. Modern manufactured sewing threads may be finished with wax or other lubricants to withstand the stresses involved in sewing. Fiber finishing though the natural fiber finish wax has been removed, the fiber can be difficult to process due to a high level of fiberonfiber friction.
Therefore our yarn spinning alone extends the useful life of 12 million pounds of fiber. The process of applying a protective adhesive coating upon the yarns surface is called sizing. After picking, the cotton is driven through a gin, where the fibre or lint is separated from the seed. Blow room is the first department in the spinning process. Cotton cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, under natural conditions, the cotton bolls will tend to increase the dispersion of the seeds. The invention discloses a color cotton untwisted yarn towel which is weaved by blended yarns which comprise compositions by weight in percentage. The cotton first goes through dryers to reduce moisture content and then through cleaning equipment to remove foreign matter. Basic indexes 1 yg086c type yarn length measuring instrument, electronic balance, y802l eight baskets oven thermostat were applied into testing according to gbt 4743. Pdf in this paper we undertake to engineer yarn of predefined strength by choosing suitable raw material and process parameters. A carded cotton ring spun yarn begins with a bale laydown. Typically, mills select bale mixes with the properties needed to produce yarn for a specific. Cotton incorporateds fiber processing research facility.
579 816 19 1397 945 1023 865 541 1494 149 178 286 306 42 568 1466 1271 453 840 1058 814 644 824 802 400 887 806 930 408 431